Landmark Employment cases

Court establishes three-part test for employee versus contractor status

Multiple factor test determines employee versus independent contractor status comprehensively.

Court of Appeal establishes contractual test for constructive dismissal claims

Employment Appeal Tribunal establishes three-stage test for fair dismissal

Employment tribunal sets landmark principles for fair redundancy procedures

Employment Appeal Tribunal establishes 'band of reasonable responses' test for unfair dismissal

Sikhs constitute racial group protected from indirect discrimination in schools

Homeworkers can be employees despite irregular hours and flexible arrangements

ECJ established multi-factor test for identifying business transfers under EU law.

Court defines post-employment confidentiality duties for trade secrets and business information

House of Lords rules unfair dismissal requires proper procedure regardless of outcome

Direct discrimination established without need to prove discriminatory intention or motive.

Significant pay gaps between gendered occupations can shift burden to employers.

Employers may offer inducements to abandon collective bargaining under domestic law.

House of Lords establishes employer duty of mutual trust and confidence

Vague binding over orders violate Article 10 freedom of expression requirements.

House of Lords clarifies employment status test for casual workers

Racial discrimination can be unconscious; tribunals should examine whether race influenced treatment.

Right to paid annual leave accrues immediately without qualifying employment periods.

No tort claims for unfair dismissal - statutory regime provides exclusive remedy

Whistleblowing protection requires good faith but permits mixed motives including personal grievance.

House of Lords clarifies direct discrimination test in employment cases

Wrongful dismissal claims causing psychiatric injury cannot be pursued in tort courts.

Agency workers cannot claim equal pay with permanent staff at user organization.

Discrimination law protects employees facing discrimination by association with disabled persons.

Dismissal letter time limits run from reading, not delivery

Dismissal-related claims cannot circumvent employment tribunals through tort law.

Courts must examine reality of work relationship over written contract terms

Supreme Court clarifies justification test for indirect age discrimination claims

Supreme Court allows mandatory retirement if properly justified and proportionate

Supreme Court finds plumber was worker despite self-employment contract

Supreme Court rules Uber drivers are workers, not self-employed contractors

Whether private hire vehicle operator must contract as principal with passenger or may use agency/intermediary model