Hospital Access Zones and Freedom of Expression: A Section 1 Problem

Under the first step of the s 2(b) analysis, an activity counts as protected expression if it:

Who bears the burden of justification under s 1 of the Charter, and to what standard?

The requirement that a limit be "prescribed by law" means that the limit must:

The rational connection stage of the Oakes test requires the government to show:

The minimal impairment stage asks whether the law:

On the facts, the strongest argument that s 4(a) of the HSPAA fails minimal impairment is that it:

The final proportionality-of-effects stage of the Oakes test:

In R v Oakes itself, the reverse-onus provision in the Narcotic Control Act failed because: