Laura V. Pawson, Appellant, v. August Miller, Respondent

Laura V. Pawson, Appellant, v. August Miller, Respondent. Conversion — destruction of a check, while in the hands of the constable to whom it h'as been given in payment of a judgment, by the drawer thereof— measure of damages. An execution debtor gave to the constable to whom the execution had been delivered his check in settlement of the judgment, fees and expenses. When the constable presented the check at the bank where it was payable it was discovered that “ two hundred dollars and ninety-five cents,” was written in the body of the check and §210.95 in the margin. The cashier offered to pay the amount stated in the body of the check, but refused to pay the amount stated in the margin. The constable thereupon took the check to the execution debtor and asked him to' rectify the mistake, and the latter snatched the check out of his hands and destroyed it. Held, that the execution creditor might maintain an action for the conversion of the check, and that the measure of damages was the value of such check; That in view of the offer of the cashier of the bank to pay the amouht stated in ■ the body of the check it could not be said that it had no value. Appeal by. the plaintiff, Laura Y. Pawson, from a judgment of the County Court of Westchester county in favor of the defendant, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Westchester on the 13th day of April, 1901, upon the decision of the court dismissing the complaint upon the merits. Arthur Rowland [F. X. Donoghue with him on the brief] for the appellant. John C. Harrigan, for the respondent. [MAJORITY — Sewell, J.:] Sewell, J.: There is no dispute as to the facts of this case. The plaintiff recovered á judgment against the defendant for the sum of $205. An execution was issued and delivered to Thomas E. Lee, a constable, who made a levy upon the defendant’s property. Some time thereafter the defendant gave a check to the constable in settlement of the judgment, fees and expenses. When the constable presented the check at the bank where it was payable it was discovered that “two hundred dollars and ninety-five cents” was written in the body of the check, and $210.95 in the margin. The cashier offered to accept the check and pay the amount stated in the body of the check, but refused to pay the amount stated in the margin. The constable took the check to the defendant and asked him to rectify the mistake. He testifies that the defendant said : “‘Will you let me have a look at it?’ I took the check out and held it with both hands; before I could show the error he snatched it out of my hands and tore it up and destroyed the check.” From these facts it appears that the defendant converted the check to his own use. “ The action of trover is founded on the right of property and possession, and any act of a party, other than the owner which militates against this conjoint right in law, is a conversion.” (Mahaney v. Walsh, 16 App. Div. 601.) It is insisted that the check had no value and, therefore, the plaintiff sustained no damage by the action of the defendant. The answer to this is that the bank offered to pay the plaintiff $200 for the check. Again, it cannot be held that the check was of no value because non constat that it was available for an action thereon against the defendant. While not money, a check is a thing of value. (Hunter v. Wetsell, 84 N. Y. 549.) It represents a certain sum of money which the drawer of the check intends that the payee shall in fact have (Pickslay v. Starr, 149 N. Y. 432), and an action of trover can be maintained for its conversion. (Lawatsch v. Cooney, 86 Hun, 546, and cases cited.) We think defendant’s action was a conversion and nothing else, and that the damages are the value of the check converted. In Potter v. Merchants Bank (28 N. Y. 641), Thayer v. Manley (73 id. 305) and Griggs v. Day (136 id. 152), it was held that in an action to recover damages for the conversion of a promissory note, the amount appearing to be unpaid thereon at the time of the conversion is prima facie the measure of damages, but that the defendant has the right to show in reduction of damages the insolvency of the maker or any fact to invalidate or affect the value of the note. Our conclusion is that the- learned county judge erred in-dismissing the complaint. The judgment should be reversed and a new trial granted, costs-to abide the event. Goodrich, P. J., Woodward, . Hirschberg and Jenks, JJ.,. concurred. Judgment of the County Court of Westchester reversed and new trial granted, costs to abide the event.