Catherine Mary Fuller, as Administratrix, etc., of Henry Joseph Fuller, Deceased, Appellant, v. Mulcahy & Gibson, Respondent, Impleaded with The George A. Fuller Company, Defendant

Catherine Mary Fuller, as Administratrix, etc., of Henry Joseph Fuller, Deceased, Appellant, v. Mulcahy & Gibson, Respondent, Impleaded with The George A. Fuller Company, Defendant. First Department, December 4, 1914. Master and servant—negligence — Labor Law, section 18, construed — “mechanical contrivances ” — liability of master to employee injured on defective way, prior to actual commencement of work. A temporary way consisting of two planks loosely laid, one end on a temporary bridge over the sidewalk and the other end on a steel beam of a building in the course of construction, for the use of workmen and commonly used by them, constitutes a mechanical contrivance within the meaning of section 18 of the Labor Law. A master owes a duty to furnish a safe scaffold or runway, not only to his immediate employees, but also to other persons lawfully using the same, who may be injured thereby. Hence, a person who has been employed by the master and who, while on his way at the direction of the foreman or superintendent to procure tools in order to begin work, is fatally injured by a defective runway, is entitled to the protection of the statute Appeal by the plaintiff, Catherine Mary Fuller, as administratrix, etc., from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant, Mulcahy & Gibson, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 16th day of February, 1914, upon the dismissal of the complaint by direction of the court as to the respondent at the close of the plaintiff’s case upon a trial before the court and a jury, and also, as stated in the notice of appeal, from the decision made by the court at the time of the dismissal of the complaint. Warren Leslie, for the appellant. James B. Henney, for the respondent. [MAJORITY — Scott, J.:] Scott, J.: Respondent, as sub-contractor for the George A. Fuller Company, was engaged in erecting the steel work of a building in course of construction in the city of New York. Plaintiff’s intestate was a steel worker, and on April 16, 1912, he was engaged as a workman by one Dilley, who was foreman or superintendent for respondent. This occurred about nine or ten o’clock in the forenoon, and the arrangement was that plaintiff’s intestate should actually go to work at the noon hour. Dilley, the superintendent, invited or directed the deceased to go into the building to select the tools with which he was to work. Along the front of the building over the sidewalk was a temporary bridge for the use of pedestrians. From the bridge to the building was a runway or temporary bridge for the use of the workmen and commonly used by them. This consisted of two planks loosely laid, one end on the bridge over the sidewalk, and one end on a steel beam. Dilley, having directed the deceased to follow him into the building, started across the planks. He made the trip safely and deceased followed him, when according to the evidence which for the purposes of this appeal must be taken as true, one of the planks broke, precipitating deceased into an excavation as a result of which he died. It appeared that there was another means of ingress to the building which was less convenient. The means used by deceased was that usually employed by workmen and also that indicated by Dilley. The questions involved in the appeal, as we consider, are whether or not the runway or bridge was a mechanical contrivance within the meaning of section 18 of the Labor Law (Consol. Laws, chap. 31 [Laws of 1909, chap. 36], as amd. by Laws of 1911, chap. 693), commonly referred to as the “Scaffold Law,” and whether or not the deceased was entitled to the protection of that statute. Upon the first question it is to be noted that the section is not confined in its operation to scaffolds. The obligation which the section referred to imposes upon the employer is to furnish a safe, suitable and proper “scaffolding, hoists, stays, ladders or [and] other mechanical contrivances,” an obligation which is absolute and cannot be delegated. We think it clear that the planks furnished as a way or bridge were “ mechanical contrivances ” within the meaning of this statute, for it has been held that the provisions of the statute are not limited to scaffolds and their appurtenances, but extend to all mechanical contrivances used in the course of the work. (Muench v. Steel & Masonry Contracting Co., 155 App. Div. 409.) The same reason which impelled the Legislature to place so rigid a responsibility upon employers respecting scaffolds would equally apply to a runway such as we are here considering. The case presented is similar in some respects to Bohnhoff v. Fischer (210 N. Y. 172). In that case the contrivance which failed was a runway consisting of a horse platform or scaffold from which planks were laid on an incline to the roof of a pent house and also to the main roof of the building. One of the planks slipped while the plaintiff was using the runway. The court assumed, and the assumption was necessary for the decision of the case, that this runway was a mechanical contrivance within the meaning of the Labor Law. We are also of the opinion that the deceased was entitled to the protection of the statute. A contract of employment had been made between him and the respondent, and at the time he was injured he was engaged, under the direction of respondent’s foreman, in making the necessary preparation for actually beginning the work. It has been held by this court that a master owes a duty to furnish a safe scaffold not only to his immediate employees, but also to other persons lawfully using the same who may be injured thereby. (Huston v. Dobson, 138 App. Div. 810.) Even more clearly does he owe a duty to one with whom he has made a contract of employment, and towards whom he has assumed an attitude of direction. A preparation for work by selecting the tools to work with is certainly a part of the service of employment. The judgment and order appealed from should be reversed and a new trial granted, with costs to appellant to abide the event. Ingraham, P. J., McLaughlin, Laughlin and Clarke, JJ., concurred. Judgment and order reversed, new trial ordered, costs to appellant to abide event. Order to be settled on notice.