Adelberg v. Canada

Adelberg v. Canada
Court (s) Database
Federal Court of Appeal Decisions
Date
2024-06-07
Neutral citation
2024 FCA 106
File numbers
A-67-23
Decision Content
Date: 20240607
Docket: A-67-23
Citation: 2024 FCA 106
CORAM:
BOIVIN J.A.
GLEASON J.A.
LEBLANC J.A.
BETWEEN:
KAREN ADELBERG, MATTHEW ANDERSON, WYATT GEORGE BAITON,
PAUL BARZU, NEIL BIRD, CURTIS BIRD, BEAU BJARNASON, LACEY BLAIR,
MARK BRADLEY, JOHN DOE #1 , DANIEL BULFORD, JOHN DOE #2,
SHAWN CARMEN, JOHN DOE #3, JONATHAN COREY CHALONER,
CATHLEEN COLLINS, JANE DOE #1 , JOHN DOE #4, KIRK COX, CHAD COX,
NEVILLE DAWOOD, RICHARD DE VOS, STEPHANE DROUIN, MIKE DESSON, JANE DOE #2, STEPHANE DROUIN, SYLVIE FILTEAU, KIRK FISLER,
THOR FORSETH, GLEN GABRUCH, BRETT GARNEAU, TRACY LYNN GATES,
KEVIN GIEN, JANE DOE #3, WARREN GREEN, JONATHAN GRIFFIOEN,
ROHIT HANNSRAJ, KAITLYN HARDY, SAM HILLIARD, RICHARD HUGGINS,
LYNNE HUNKA, JOSEPH ISLIEFSON, LEPOSAVA JANKOVIC, JOHN DOE #5,
PAMELA JOHNSTON, ERIC JONES-GATINEAU, ANNIE JOYAL, JOHN DOE #6,
MARTY (MARTHA) KLASSEN, JOHN DOE #7, JOHN DOE #8, JOHN DOE #9,
RYAN KOSKELA, JANE DOE #4, JULIANS LAZOVIKS, JASON LEFEBVRE,
KIRSTEN LINK, MORGAN LITTLEJOHN, JOHN DOE #10, DIANE MARTIN,
JOHN DOE #11, RICHARD MEHNER, CELINE MOREAU, ROBIN MORRISON,
MORTON NG, GLORIA NORMAN, STEVEN O’DOHERTY, DAVID OBIREK,
JOHN ROBERT QUEEN, NICOLE QUICK, GINETTE ROCHON,
LOUIS-MARIE ROY, EMAD SADR, MATT SILVER, JINJER SNIDER,
MAUREEN STEIN, JOHN DOE #12, JOHN DOE #13, ROBERT TUMBAS,
KYLE VAN DE SYPE, CHANTELLE VIEN, JOSHUA (JOSH) VOLD,
CARLA WALKER, ANDREW WEDLOCK, JENNIFER WELLS, JOHN WELLS,
MELANIE WILLIAMS, DAVID GEORGE JOHN WISEMAN,
DANIEL YOUNG, GRATCHEN GRISON,
(OFFICERS WITH THE ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTAIN POLICE)
and
NICOLE AUCLAIR, MICHAEL BALDOCK, SABRINA BARON,
WILLIAM DEAN BOOTH, CHARLES BORG, MARIE-ÈVE CARON,
THOMAS DALLING, JOSEPH ISRAEL MARC ERIC DE LAFONTAINE,
RICARDO GREEN, JORDAN HARTWIG, RODNEY HOWES,
CHRISTOPHER MARK JACOBSON, JANE DOE #5, PASCAL LEGENDRE,
KIMBERLY LEPAGE, KIM MACDONALD, CINDY MACKAY,
KIM MARTIN-MCKAY, DAVID MASON, ALEXANDRA KATRINA MOIR,
JOSEPH DANIEL ERIC MONTGRAIN, RADOSLAW NIEDZIELSKI,
LEANNA JUNE NORDMAN, DONALD POOLE, EDWARD DOMINIC POWER,
NORMAN L. REED, JANE DOE #6, BRENDEN SANGSTER,
TIMOTHY JOSEPH SEIBERT, ANN‑MARIE LEE TRAYNOR,
CARL BARRY WOOD, EDDIE EDMOND ANDRUKAITIS, RUBY DAVIS,
JENNIFER SCHROEDER, JOSEPH SHEA EMPLOYED BY THE
(DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENCE)
and
STEFANIE ALLARD, JAKE DANIEL BOUGHNER, BRENT CARTER,
BRIAN COBB, LAURA CONSTANTINESCU, SONIA DINU, ALDONA FEDOR,
JANE DOE #7, MALORIE KELLY, MATTHEW STEPHEN MACDONALD,
MITCHELL MACINTYRE, HERTHA MCLENDON, MARCEL MIHAILESCU,
MICHAEL MUNRO, SEBASTIAN NOWAK, DIANA RODRIGUES,
NATALIE HOLDEN, ADAM DAWSON WINCHESTER,
(CANADA BORDER SERVICES AGENCY)
and
CHRISTINE CLOUTHIER, DEBBIE GRAY, JENNIFER PENNER, DALE WAGNER,
JOSEPH AYOUB, (AGRICULTURE AND AGRI-FOOD CANADA)
and
JANE DOE #8, (ATLANTIC CANADA OPPORTUNITIES AGENCY)
and
MELANIE DUFOUR, (BANK OF CANADA)
and
JENNIFER AUCIELLO, SHARON ANN JOSEPH, ERIC MUNRO,
(CANADA MORTGAGE AND HOUSING CORPORATION)
and
JANE DOE #9, (CANADA PENSION PLAN)
and
NATALIE BOULARD, BEATA BOZEK, JOHN DOE #14, NERIN ANDREA CARR,
SARA JESSICA CASTRO, DEBBIE (DUBRAVKA) CUNKO, JOSÉE CYR,
JANE DOE #10, CAROL GABOURY, TANIA GOMES, JULITA GROCHOCKA,
MONIQUE HARRIS, WILLIAM HOOKER, KIRSTIN HOUGHTON,
LEILA KOSTYK, MICHELLE LAMARRE, NICOLAS LEBLOND,
SUANA-LEE LECLAIR, PAULETTE MORISSETTE, JENNIFER NEAVE,
PIERRE-ALEXANDRE RACINE, BENJAMIN RUSSELL, ROBERT SNOWDEN,
AABID THAWER, HEIDI WIENER, SVJETLANA ZELENBABA, NADIA ZINCK,
AARON JAMES THOMAS SHORROCK, DEIRDRE MCINTOSH,
(CANADA REVENUE AGENCY)
and
TAMARA STAMMIS, (CANADA SCHOOL OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE)
and
JASMIN BOURDON, (CANADA SPACE AGENCY)
and
SHARON CUNNINGHAM, ALLEN LYNDEN, RORY MATHESON,
(CANADIANCOAST GUARD)
and
TATJANA COKLIN, JOHN DOE #15, RAQUEL DELMAS, JANE DOE #11,
CHELSEA HAYDEN, HELENE JOANNIS, ZAKLINA MAZUR, JANE DOE #12,
JESSICA SIMPSON, KATARINA SMOLKOVA,
(CANADIAN FOOD INSPECTION AGENCY)
and
ALEXANDRE CHARLAND, (CANADIAN FORESTRY SERVICE)
and
CATHERINE PROVOST, KRISTINA MARTIN, (CANADIAN HERITAGE)
and
JANE DOE #13, (CANADIAN INSTITUTES OF HEALTH RESEARCH)
and
BETH BLACKMORE, ROXANNE LORRAIN,
(CANADIAN NUCLEAR SAFETYCOMMISSION)
and
RÉMI RICHER,
(CANADIAN RADIO-TELEVISION AND
TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION)
and
OCTAVIA LA PRAIRIE, (CANADIAN SECURITY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE)
and
ROBERT BESTARD, (CITY OF OTTAWA GARAGE FED REGULATED)
and
KIMBERLY ANN BECKERT, (CORE PUBLIC SERVICE)
and
SARAH ANDREYCHUK, FRANCOIS BELLEHUMEUR, PAMELA BLAIKIE,
NATASHA CAIRNS, ANGELA CIGLENECKI, VERONIKA COLNAR,
RANDY DOUCET, KARA ERICKSON, JESSE FORCIER, VALÉRIE FORTIN,
ROXANE GUEUTAL, MELVA ISHERWOOD, MILO JOHNSON,
VALERIA LUEDEE, LAURIE LYNDEN, ANNETTE MARTIN, CRAIG MCKAY,
ISABELLE METHOT, SAMANTHA OSYPCHUK, JANE DOE #14,
WILNIVE PHANORD, ALEXANDRE RICHER LEVASSEUR,
KATHLEEN SAWYER, TREVOR SCHEFFEL,
(CORRECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA)
and
JORDAN ST-PIERRE, (COURTS ADMINISTRATION SERVICE)
and
BRIGITTE SURGUE, JANE DOE #15,
(DEPARTMENT OF CANADIAN HERITAGE)
and
GHISLAIN CARDINAL, HEATHER HALLIDAY, PAUL MARTEN,
CELINE RIVIER, NGOZI UKWU, JEANNINE BASTARACHE, JANE DOE #16,
HAMID NAGHDIAN-VISHTEH, (DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN)
and
ISHMAEL GAY-LABBE, JANE DOE #17, LEANNE JAMES,
(DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE)
and
DANIELLE BARABE-BUSSIERES, (ELECTIONS CANADA)
and
TANYA DAECHERT, JANE DOE #18, FRANCOIS ARSENEAU,
CHANTAL AUTHIER, NATHALIE BENOIT, AERIE BIAFORE, ROCK BRIAND,
ARNAUD BRIEN-THIFFAULT, SHARON CHIU, MICHEL DAIGLE,
BRIGITTE DANIELS, LOUISE GAUDREAULT, KARRIE GEVAERT,
MARK GEVAERT, PETER IVERSEN, DERRIK LAMB, JANE DOE #19,
ANNA MARINIC, DIVINE MASABARAKIZA, JAMES MENDHAM,
MICHELLE MARINA MICKO, JEAN RICHARD, STEPHANIE SENECAL,
JANE DOE #20, RYAN SEWELL, KARI SMYTHE, OLIMPIA SOMESAN,
LLOYD SWANSON, TYRONE WHITE, ELISSA WONG, JENNY ZAMBELAS,
LI YANG ZHU, PATRICE LEVER,
(EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT CANADA)
and
JANE DOE #21, BRIAN PHILIP CRENNA, JANE DOE #22,
BRADLEY DAVID HIGNELL, ANDREW KALTECK, DANA KELLETT,
JOSÉE LOSIER, KRISTIN MENSCH, ELSA MOUANA, JANE DOE #23,
JANE DOE #24, VALENTINA ZAGORENKO,
(ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE CANADA)
and
PIERRE TRUDEL, (EXPORT DEVELOPMENT CANADA)
and
STEPHEN ALAN COLLEY,
(FEDERAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGENCY FOR SOUTHERN ONTARIO)
and
VLADIMIR RASKOVIC, (GARDA SECURITY SCREEING INC)
and
MÉLANIE BORGIA, JONATHAN KYLE SMITH, DONNA STAINFIELD,
ANNILA THARAKAN, RENEE MICHIKO UMEZUKI,
(GLOBAL AFFAIRS CANADA)
and
DENNIS JOHNSON, (GLOBAL CONTAINER TERMINALS CANADA)
and
ALEXANDRE GUILBEAULT, TARA (MARIA) MCDONOUGH, FRANCE VANIER,
(GOVERNMENT OF CANADA)
and
ALEX BRAUN, MARC LESCELLEUR-PAQUETTE, (HOUSE OF COMMONS)
and
AIMEE LEGAULT, (HUMAN RESOURCE BRANCH)
and
DORIN ANDREI BOBOC, JANE DOE #25, SOPHIE GUIMARD, ELISA HO,
KATHY LEAL, CAROLINE LEGENDRE, DIANA VIDA,
(IMMIGRATION, REFUGEES AND CITIZENSHIP CANADA)
and
NATHALIE JOANNE GAUTHIER,
(INDIGENOUS AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS CANADA)
and
CHRISTINE BIZIER, AMBER DAWN KLETZEL, VERONA LIPKA,
KERRY SPEARS, (INDIGENOUS SERVICES CANADA)
and
SUN-HO PAUL JE,
(INNOVATION, SCIENCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CANADA)
and
GILES ROY, (NATIONAL FILM BOARD OF CANADA)
and
RAY SILVER, MICHELLE DEDYULIN, LETITIA EAKINS,
JULIE-ANNE KLEINSCHMIT, MARC-ANDRE OCTEAU, HUGUES SCHOLAERT,
(NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA)
and
FELIX BEAUCHAMP,
(NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE REVIEW AGENCY)
and
JULIA MAY BROWN, CALEB LAM, STEPHANE LEBLANC,
SERRYNA WHITESIDE, (NATURAL RESOURCES CANADA)
and
NICOLE HAWLEY, STEEVE L’ITALIEN, MARC LECOCQ, TONY MALLET,
SANDRA MCKENZIE, (NAV CANADA)
and
MUHAMMAD ALI, (OFFICE OF THE AUDITOR GENERAL OF CANADA)
and
RYAN ROGERS, (ONTARIO NORTHLAND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION)
and
THERESA STENE, MICHAEL DESSUREAULT, JOHN DOE #16, (PARK CANADA)
and
CHARLES-ALEXANDRE BEAUCHEMIN, BRETT OLIVER,
(PARLIMENTARY PROTECTION SERVICE)
and
CAROLE DUFORD, (POLAR KNOWLEDGE CANADA)
and
JOANNE GABRIELLE DE MONTIGNY, IVANA ERIC, JANE DOE #26,
SALYNA LEGARE, JANE DOE #27, ANGIE RICHARDSON, JANE DOE #28,
(PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY OF CANADA)
and
FAY ANNE BARBER, (PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA)
and
DENIS LANIEL, (PUBLIC SECTOR PENSION INVESTMENT BOARD)
and
KATHLEEN ELIZABETH BARRETTE, SARAH BEDARD,
MARIO CONSTANTINEAU, KAREN FLEURY, BRENDA JAIN, MEGAN MARTIN,
JANE DOE #29, ISABELLE PAQUETTE, RICHARD PARENT,
ROGER ROBERT RICHARD, NICOLE SINCENNES, CHRISTINE VESSIA,
JANE DOE #30, PAMELA MCINTYRE,
(PUBLIC SERVICES AND PROCUREMENT CANADA)
and
ISABELLE DENIS, (REGISTRAR OF THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA)
and
JANE BARTMANOVICH, (ROYAL CANADIAN MINT)
and
NICOLE BRISSON, (SERVICE CANADA)
and
DENIS AUDET, MATHIEU ESSIAMBRE, ALAIN HART, ANDREA HOUGHTON,
NATALIA KWIATEK, DANY LEVESQUE, DAVID MCCARTHY,
PASCAL MICHAUD, MERVI PENNANEN, TONYA SHORTILL,
STEPHANIE TKACHUK, MARSHALL WRIGHT, (SHARED SERVICES CANADA)
and
EVE MARIE BLOUIN-HUDON, MARC-ANTOINE BOUCHER,
CHRISTOPHER HUSZAR, (STATISTICS CANADA)
and
STEVE YOUNG, (TELESTAT CANADA)
and
NATHAN ALIGIZAKIS, STEPHEN DANIEL, ALAIN DOUCHANT,
KRYSTAL MCCOLGAN, DEBBIE MENARD, CLARENCE RUTTLE,
DOROTHY BARRON, ROBERT MCLACHLAN, (TRANSPORT CANADA)
and
SCOTT ERROLL HENDERSON, DENIS THERIAULT,
(TREASURY BOARD OF CANADA)
and
JOSIANE BROUILLARD, ALEXANDRA MCGRATH, NATHALIE STE-CROIX,
JANE DOE #31, (VETERANS AFFAIRS CANADA)
and
OLUBUSAYO (BUSAYO) AYENI, JOHN DOE #17, CYNTHIA BAUMAN,
JANE DOE #32, LAURA CRYSTAL BROWN, KE(JERRY) CAI,
NICOLINO CAMPANELLI, DONALD KEITH CAMPBELL, COLLEEN CARDER,
KATHY CARRIERE, MELISSA CARSON, DAVID CLARK,
BRADLEY CLERMONT, LAURIE COELHO, ESTEE COSTA,
ANTONIO DA SILVA, BRENDA DARVILL, PATRICK DAVIDSON,
EUGENE DAVIS, LEAH DAWSON, MARC FONTAINE, JACQUELINE GENAILLE,
ELDON GOOSSEN, JOYCE GREENAWAY, LORI HAND, DARREN HAY,
KRISTA IMIOLA,CATHERINE KANUKA, DONNA KELLY, BENJAMIN LEHTO,
ANTHONY LEON, AKEMI MATSUMIYA, JANE DOE #33, JANE DOE #34,
JANE DOE #35, ANNE MARIE MCQUAID-SNIDER, LINO MULA,
PAMELA OPERSKO, GABRIEL PAQUET, CHRISTINE PAQUETTE,
CAROLIN JACQUELINE PARIS, JODIE PRICE, KEVIN PRICE,
GIUSEPPE QUADRINI, SAARAH QUAMINA, SHAWN ROSSITER,
ANTHONY RUSH, ANTHONY SHATZKO, CHARLES SILVA, RYAN SIMKO,
NORMAN SIROIS, BRANDON SMITH, CATHARINE SPIAK, SANDRA STROUD,
ANITA TALARIAN, DARYL TOONK, RYAN TOWERS, LEANNE VERBEEM,
ERAN VOOYS, ROBERT WAGNER, JASON WEATHERALL, MELANIE BURCH,
STEVEN COLE, TONI DOWNIE, JODI STAMMIS, (CANADA POST)
and
NICOLAS BELL, JOHN DOE #18, JOHN DOE #19, JANE DOE #36, JOHN DOE #20,
PAOLA DI MADDALENA, NATHAN DODDS, JOHN DOE #21, JANE DOE #37,
NUNZIO GIOLTI, MARIO GIRARD, JANE DOE #38, JANE DOE #39,
YOU-HUI KIM, JANE DOE #40, SEBASTIAN KORAK, ADA LAI, MIRIUM LO,
MELANIE MAILLOUX, CAROLYN MUIR, PATRIZIA PABA, RADU RAUTESCU,
ALDO REANO, JACQUELINE ELISABETH ROBINSON, JOHN DOE #22,
FREDERICK ROY, JOHN DOE #23, TAEKO SHIMAMURA, JASON SISK,
BEATA SOSIN, JOEL SZOSTAK, MARIO TCHEON, REBECCA SUE THIESSEN,
JANE DOE #41, MAUREEN YEARWOOD, (AIR CANADA)
and
JOHN DOE #24, JOSÉE DEMEULE, JACQUELINE GAMBLE,
DOMENIC GIANCOLA, SADNA KASSAN, MARCUS STEINER,
CHRISTINA TRUDEAU, (AIR CANADA JAZZ)
and
JOHN DOE #25, EMILIE DESPRES, (AIR INUIT)
and
REJEAN NANTEL, (BANK OF MONTREAL)
and
LANCE VICTOR SCHILKA, (BC COAST PILOTS LTD)
and
ELIZABETH GODLER, (BC FERRIES)
and
JOHN DOE #26, JANE DOE #42, TAMARA DAVIDSON, JANE DOE #43,
BRAD HOMEWOOD, CHAD HOMEWOOD, CHARLES MICHAEL JEFFERSON,
JOHN DOE #27, JANICE LARAINE KRISTMANSON, JANE DOE #44,
DARREN LOUIS LAGIMODIERE, JOHN DOE #28, JOHN DOE #29,
MIRKO MARAS, JOHN DOE #30, JOHN DOE #31, JOHN DOE #32, JOHN DOE #33,
JOHN DOE #34, JANE DOE #45, JOHN DOE #35, KENDAL STACE-SMITH,
JOHN DOE #36, STEVE WHEATLEY,
(BRITISH COLUMBIA MARITIME EMPLOYERS ASSOCIATION)
and
PAUL VEERMAN, (BROOKFIELD GLOBAL INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS)
and
MARK BARRON, TREVOR BAZILEWICH, JOHN DOE #37, BRIAN DEKKER,
JOHN GAETZ, ERNEST GEORGESON, KYLE KORTKO, RICHARD LETAIN,
JOHN DOE #38, DALE ROBERT ROSS, (CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAY)
and
TIM CASHMORE, ROB GEBERT, MICHEAL ROGER MAILHIOT,
(CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY)
and
KARIN LUTZ, (DP WORLD)
and
CRYSTAL SMEENK, (FARM CREDIT CANADA)
and
SYLVIE M.F. GELINAS, SUSIE MATIAS, STEW WILLIAMS,
(G4S AIRPORT SCREENING)
and
SHAWN CORMAN, (GEOTECH AVIATION)
and
JUERGEN BRUSCHKEWITZ, ANDRE DEVEAUX, BRYAN FIGUEIRA,
DAVID SPRATT, GUY HOCKING, SEAN GRANT,
(GREATER TORONTO AIRPORTS AUTHORITY)
and
DUSTIN BLAIR, (KELOWNA AIRPORT FIRE FIGHTER)
and
HANS-PETER LIECHTI, (NATIONAL ART CENTRE)
and
BRADLEY CURRUTHERS, LANA DOUGLAS, ERIC DUPUIS, SHERRI ELLIOT,
ROBEN IVENS, JANE DOE #46, LUKE VAN HOEKELEN, KURT WATSON,
(ONTARIO POWER GENERATION)
and
THERESA STENE, MICHAEL DESSUREAULT, ADAM PIDWERBESKI,
(PARKS CANADA)
and
JOHN DOE #39, (PACIFIC PILOTAGE AUTHORITY)
and
ANGELA GROSS, (PUROLATOR INC.)
and
GERHARD GEERTSEMA, (QUESTRAL HELICOPTERS)
and
AMANDA RANDALL, JANE DOE #47, FRANK VERI, (RBC ROYAL BANK)
and
JAMES (JED) FORSMAN, (RISE AIR)
and
JANE DOE #48, (ROGERS COMMUNICATIONS INC)
and
JERRILYNN REBEYKA, (SASKTEL)
and
EILEEN FAHLMAN, MARY TREICHEL, (SCOTIABANK)
and
JUDAH GAELAN CUMMINS, (SEASPAN VICTORIA DOCKS)
and
DARIN WATSON, (SHAW)
and
RICHARD MICHAEL ALAN TABAK, (SKYNORTH AIR LTD)
and
DEBORAH BOARDMAN, MICHAEL BRIGHAM, (VIA RAIL CANADA)
and
KEVIN SCOTT ROUTLY, (WASAYA AIRWAYS)
and
BRYCE SAILOR, (WATERFRONT EMPLOYERS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA)
and
JOSEPH BAYDA, JAMIE ELLIOTT, JOHN DOE #40, RANDALL MENGERING,
SAMANTHA NICASTRO, VERONICA STEPHENS, JANE DOE #49, (WESTJET)
and
MELVIN GEREIN, (WESTSHORE TERMINALS)
Appellants
and
HIS MAJESTY THE KING, PRIME MINISTER JUSTIN TRUDEAU, DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER AND MINISTER OF FINANCE CHRYSTIA FREELAND, CHIEF MEDICAL OFFICER TERESA TAM, MINISTER OF TRANSPORT OMAR ALGHABRA, DEPUTY MINISTER OF PUBLIC SAFETY MARCO MENDICINO, JOHNS AND JANES DOE
Respondents
Heard at Toronto, Ontario, on November 8, 2023.
Judgment delivered at Ottawa, Ontario, on June 7, 2024.
REASONS FOR JUDGMENT BY:
GLEASON J.A.
CONCURRED IN BY:
BOIVIN J.A. LEBLANC J.A.
Date: 20240607
Docket: A-67-23
Citation: 2024 FCA 106
CORAM:
BOIVIN J.A.
GLEASON J.A.
LEBLANC J.A.
BETWEEN:
KAREN ADELBERG, MATTHEW ANDERSON, WYATT GEORGE BAITON,
PAUL BARZU, NEIL BIRD, CURTIS BIRD, BEAU BJARNASON, LACEY BLAIR,
MARK BRADLEY, JOHN DOE #1 , DANIEL BULFORD, JOHN DOE #2,
SHAWN CARMEN, JOHN DOE #3, JONATHAN COREY CHALONER,
CATHLEEN COLLINS, JANE DOE #1 , JOHN DOE #4, KIRK COX, CHAD COX,
NEVILLE DAWOOD, RICHARD DE VOS, STEPHANE DROUIN, MIKE DESSON,
JANE DOE #2, STEPHANE DROUIN, SYLVIE FILTEAU, KIRK FISLER,
THOR FORSETH, GLEN GABRUCH, BRETT GARNEAU, TRACY LYNN GATES,
KEVIN GIEN, JANE DOE #3, WARREN GREEN, JONATHAN GRIFFIOEN,
ROHIT HANNSRAJ, KAITLYN HARDY, SAM HILLIARD, RICHARD HUGGINS,
LYNNE HUNKA, JOSEPH ISLIEFSON, LEPOSAVA JANKOVIC, JOHN DOE #5,
PAMELA JOHNSTON, ERIC JONES-GATINEAU, ANNIE JOYAL, JOHN DOE #6,
MARTY (MARTHA) KLASSEN, JOHN DOE #7, JOHN DOE #8, JOHN DOE #9, RYAN KOSKELA, JANE DOE #4, JULIANS LAZOVIKS, JASON LEFEBVRE, KIRSTEN LINK, MORGAN LITTLEJOHN, JOHN DOE #10, DIANE MARTIN,
JOHN DOE #11, RICHARD MEHNER, CELINE MOREAU, ROBIN MORRISON,
MORTON NG, GLORIA NORMAN, STEVEN O’DOHERTY, DAVID OBIREK,
JOHN ROBERT QUEEN, NICOLE QUICK, GINETTE ROCHON,
LOUIS-MARIE ROY, EMAD SADR, MATT SILVER, JINJER SNIDER,
MAUREEN STEIN, JOHN DOE #12, JOHN DOE #13, ROBERT TUMBAS,
KYLE VAN DE SYPE, CHANTELLE VIEN, JOSHUA (JOSH) VOLD,
CARLA WALKER, ANDREW WEDLOCK, JENNIFER WELLS, JOHN WELLS,
MELANIE WILLIAMS, DAVID GEORGE JOHN WISEMAN,
DANIEL YOUNG, GRATCHEN GRISON,
(OFFICERS WITH THE ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTAIN POLICE)
and
NICOLE AUCLAIR, MICHAEL BALDOCK, SABRINA BARON,
WILLIAM DEAN BOOTH, CHARLES BORG, MARIE-ÈVE CARON,
THOMAS DALLING, JOSEPH ISRAEL MARC ERIC DE LAFONTAINE,
RICARDO GREEN, JORDAN HARTWIG, RODNEY HOWES,
CHRISTOPHER MARK JACOBSON, JANE DOE #5, PASCAL LEGENDRE,
KIMBERLY LEPAGE, KIM MACDONALD, CINDY MACKAY,
KIM MARTIN-MCKAY, DAVID MASON, ALEXANDRA KATRINA MOIR,
JOSEPH DANIEL ERIC MONTGRAIN, RADOSLAW NIEDZIELSKI,
LEANNA JUNE NORDMAN, DONALD POOLE, EDWARD DOMINIC POWER,
NORMAN L. REED, JANE DOE #6, BRENDEN SANGSTER,
TIMOTHY JOSEPH SEIBERT, ANN‑MARIE LEE TRAYNOR,
CARL BARRY WOOD, EDDIE EDMOND ANDRUKAITIS, RUBY DAVIS,
JENNIFER SCHROEDER, JOSEPH SHEA EMPLOYED BY THE
(DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENCE)
and
STEFANIE ALLARD, JAKE DANIEL BOUGHNER, BRENT CARTER,
BRIAN COBB, LAURA CONSTANTINESCU, SONIA DINU, ALDONA FEDOR,
JANE DOE #7, MALORIE KELLY, MATTHEW STEPHEN MACDONALD,
MITCHELL MACINTYRE, HERTHA MCLENDON, MARCEL MIHAILESCU,
MICHAEL MUNRO, SEBASTIAN NOWAK, DIANA RODRIGUES,
NATALIE HOLDEN, ADAM DAWSON WINCHESTER,
(CANADA BORDER SERVICES AGENCY)
and
CHRISTINE CLOUTHIER, DEBBIE GRAY, JENNIFER PENNER, DALE WAGNER,
JOSEPH AYOUB, (AGRICULTURE AND AGRI-FOOD CANADA)
and
JANE DOE #8, (ATLANTIC CANADA OPPORTUNITIES AGENCY)
and
MELANIE DUFOUR, (BANK OF CANADA)
and
JENNIFER AUCIELLO, SHARON ANN JOSEPH, ERIC MUNRO,
(CANADA MORTGAGE AND HOUSING CORPORATION)
and
JANE DOE #9, (CANADA PENSION PLAN)
and
NATALIE BOULARD, BEATA BOZEK, JOHN DOE #14, NERIN ANDREA CARR,
SARA JESSICA CASTRO, DEBBIE (DUBRAVKA) CUNKO, JOSÉE CYR,
JANE DOE #10, CAROL GABOURY, TANIA GOMES, JULITA GROCHOCKA,
MONIQUE HARRIS, WILLIAM HOOKER, KIRSTIN HOUGHTON,
LEILA KOSTYK, MICHELLE LAMARRE, NICOLAS LEBLOND,
SUANA-LEE LECLAIR, PAULETTE MORISSETTE, JENNIFER NEAVE,
PIERRE-ALEXANDRE RACINE, BENJAMIN RUSSELL, ROBERT SNOWDEN,
AABID THAWER, HEIDI WIENER, SVJETLANA ZELENBABA, NADIA ZINCK,
AARON JAMES THOMAS SHORROCK, DEIRDRE MCINTOSH,
(CANADA REVENUE AGENCY)
and
TAMARA STAMMIS, (CANADA SCHOOL OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE)
and
JASMIN BOURDON, (CANADA SPACE AGENCY)
and
SHARON CUNNINGHAM, ALLEN LYNDEN, RORY MATHESON,
(CANADIANCOAST GUARD)
and
TATJANA COKLIN, JOHN DOE #15, RAQUEL DELMAS, JANE DOE #11,
CHELSEA HAYDEN, HELENE JOANNIS, ZAKLINA MAZUR, JANE DOE #12,
JESSICA SIMPSON, KATARINA SMOLKOVA,
(CANADIAN FOOD INSPECTION AGENCY)
and
ALEXANDRE CHARLAND, (CANADIAN FORESTRY SERVICE)
and
CATHERINE PROVOST, KRISTINA MARTIN, (CANADIAN HERITAGE)
and
JANE DOE #13, (CANADIAN INSTITUTES OF HEALTH RESEARCH)
and
BETH BLACKMORE, ROXANNE LORRAIN,
(CANADIAN NUCLEAR SAFETYCOMMISSION)
and
RÉMI RICHER,
(CANADIAN RADIO-TELEVISION AND
TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION)
and
OCTAVIA LA PRAIRIE, (CANADIAN SECURITY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE)
and
ROBERT BESTARD, (CITY OF OTTAWA GARAGE FED REGULATED)
and
KIMBERLY ANN BECKERT, (CORE PUBLIC SERVICE)
and
SARAH ANDREYCHUK, FRANCOIS BELLEHUMEUR, PAMELA BLAIKIE,
NATASHA CAIRNS, ANGELA CIGLENECKI, VERONIKA COLNAR,
RANDY DOUCET, KARA ERICKSON, JESSE FORCIER, VALÉRIE FORTIN,
ROXANE GUEUTAL, MELVA ISHERWOOD, MILO JOHNSON,
VALERIA LUEDEE, LAURIE LYNDEN, ANNETTE MARTIN, CRAIG MCKAY,
ISABELLE METHOT, SAMANTHA OSYPCHUK, JANE DOE #14,
WILNIVE PHANORD, ALEXANDRE RICHER LEVASSEUR,
KATHLEEN SAWYER, TREVOR SCHEFFEL,
(CORRECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA)
and
JORDAN ST-PIERRE, (COURTS ADMINISTRATION SERVICE)
and
BRIGITTE SURGUE, JANE DOE #15,
(DEPARTMENT OF CANADIAN HERITAGE)
and
GHISLAIN CARDINAL, HEATHER HALLIDAY, PAUL MARTEN,
CELINE RIVIER, NGOZI UKWU, JEANNINE BASTARACHE, JANE DOE #16,
HAMID NAGHDIAN-VISHTEH, (DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN)
and
ISHMAEL GAY-LABBE, JANE DOE #17, LEANNE JAMES,
(DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE)
and
DANIELLE BARABE-BUSSIERES, (ELECTIONS CANADA)
and
TANYA DAECHERT, JANE DOE #18, FRANCOIS ARSENEAU,
CHANTAL AUTHIER, NATHALIE BENOIT, AERIE BIAFORE, ROCK BRIAND,
ARNAUD BRIEN-THIFFAULT, SHARON CHIU, MICHEL DAIGLE,
BRIGITTE DANIELS, LOUISE GAUDREAULT, KARRIE GEVAERT,
MARK GEVAERT, PETER IVERSEN, DERRIK LAMB, JANE DOE #19,
ANNA MARINIC, DIVINE MASABARAKIZA, JAMES MENDHAM,
MICHELLE MARINA MICKO, JEAN RICHARD, STEPHANIE SENECAL,
JANE DOE #20, RYAN SEWELL, KARI SMYTHE, OLIMPIA SOMESAN,
LLOYD SWANSON, TYRONE WHITE, ELISSA WONG, JENNY ZAMBELAS,
LI YANG ZHU, PATRICE LEVER,
(EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT CANADA)
and
JANE DOE #21, BRIAN PHILIP CRENNA, JANE DOE #22,
BRADLEY DAVID HIGNELL, ANDREW KALTECK, DANA KELLETT,
JOSÉE LOSIER, KRISTIN MENSCH, ELSA MOUANA, JANE DOE #23,
JANE DOE #24, VALENTINA ZAGORENKO,
(ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE CANADA)
and
PIERRE TRUDEL, (EXPORT DEVELOPMENT CANADA)
and
STEPHEN ALAN COLLEY,
(FEDERAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGENCY FOR SOUTHERN ONTARIO)
and
VLADIMIR RASKOVIC, (GARDA SECURITY SCREEING INC)
and
MÉLANIE BORGIA, JONATHAN KYLE SMITH, DONNA STAINFIELD,
ANNILA THARAKAN, RENEE MICHIKO UMEZUKI,
(GLOBAL AFFAIRS CANADA)
and
DENNIS JOHNSON, (GLOBAL CONTAINER TERMINALS CANADA)
and
ALEXANDRE GUILBEAULT, TARA (MARIA) MCDONOUGH, FRANCE VANIER,
(GOVERNMENT OF CANADA)
and
ALEX BRAUN, MARC LESCELLEUR-PAQUETTE, (HOUSE OF COMMONS)
and
AIMEE LEGAULT, (HUMAN RESOURCE BRANCH)
and
DORIN ANDREI BOBOC, JANE DOE #25, SOPHIE GUIMARD, ELISA HO,
KATHY LEAL, CAROLINE LEGENDRE, DIANA VIDA,
(IMMIGRATION, REFUGEES AND CITIZENSHIP CANADA)
and
NATHALIE JOANNE GAUTHIER,
(INDIGENOUS AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS CANADA)
and
CHRISTINE BIZIER, AMBER DAWN KLETZEL, VERONA LIPKA,
KERRY SPEARS, (INDIGENOUS SERVICES CANADA)
and
SUN-HO PAUL JE,
(INNOVATION, SCIENCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CANADA)
and
GILES ROY, (NATIONAL FILM BOARD OF CANADA)
and
RAY SILVER, MICHELLE DEDYULIN, LETITIA EAKINS,
JULIE-ANNE KLEINSCHMIT, MARC-ANDRE OCTEAU, HUGUES SCHOLAERT,
(NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA)
and
FELIX BEAUCHAMP,
(NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE REVIEW AGENCY)
and
JULIA MAY BROWN, CALEB LAM, STEPHANE LEBLANC,
SERRYNA WHITESIDE, (NATURAL RESOURCES CANADA)
and
NICOLE HAWLEY, STEEVE L’ITALIEN, MARC LECOCQ, TONY MALLET,
SANDRA MCKENZIE, (NAV CANADA)
and
MUHAMMAD ALI, (OFFICE OF THE AUDITOR GENERAL OF CANADA)
and
RYAN ROGERS, (ONTARIO NORTHLAND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION)
and
THERESA STENE, MICHAEL DESSUREAULT, JOHN DOE #16, (PARK CANADA)
and
CHARLES-ALEXANDRE BEAUCHEMIN, BRETT OLIVER,
(PARLIMENTARY PROTECTION SERVICE)
and
CAROLE DUFORD, (POLAR KNOWLEDGE CANADA)
and
JOANNE GABRIELLE DE MONTIGNY, IVANA ERIC, JANE DOE #26,
SALYNA LEGARE, JANE DOE #27, ANGIE RICHARDSON, JANE DOE #28,
(PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY OF CANADA)
and
FAY ANNE BARBER, (PUBLIC SAFETY CANADA)
and
DENIS LANIEL, (PUBLIC SECTOR PENSION INVESTMENT BOARD)
and
KATHLEEN ELIZABETH BARRETTE, SARAH BEDARD,
MARIO CONSTANTINEAU, KAREN FLEURY, BRENDA JAIN, MEGAN MARTIN,
JANE DOE #29, ISABELLE PAQUETTE, RICHARD PARENT,
ROGER ROBERT RICHARD, NICOLE SINCENNES, CHRISTINE VESSIA,
JANE DOE #30, PAMELA MCINTYRE,
(PUBLIC SERVICES AND PROCUREMENT CANADA)
and
ISABELLE DENIS, (REGISTRAR OF THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA)
and
JANE BARTMANOVICH, (ROYAL CANADIAN MINT)
and
NICOLE BRISSON, (SERVICE CANADA)
and
DENIS AUDET, MATHIEU ESSIAMBRE, ALAIN HART, ANDREA HOUGHTON,
NATALIA KWIATEK, DANY LEVESQUE, DAVID MCCARTHY,
PASCAL MICHAUD, MERVI PENNANEN, TONYA SHORTILL,
STEPHANIE TKACHUK, MARSHALL WRIGHT, (SHARED SERVICES CANADA)
and
EVE MARIE BLOUIN-HUDON, MARC-ANTOINE BOUCHER,
CHRISTOPHER HUSZAR, (STATISTICS CANADA)
and
STEVE YOUNG, (TELESTAT CANADA)
and
NATHAN ALIGIZAKIS, STEPHEN DANIEL, ALAIN DOUCHANT,
KRYSTAL MCCOLGAN, DEBBIE MENARD, CLARENCE RUTTLE,
DOROTHY BARRON, ROBERT MCLACHLAN, (TRANSPORT CANADA)
and
SCOTT ERROLL HENDERSON, DENIS THERIAULT,
(TREASURY BOARD OF CANADA)
and
JOSIANE BROUILLARD, ALEXANDRA MCGRATH, NATHALIE STE-CROIX,
JANE DOE #31, (VETERANS AFFAIRS CANADA)
and
OLUBUSAYO (BUSAYO) AYENI, JOHN DOE #17, CYNTHIA BAUMAN,
JANE DOE #32, LAURA CRYSTAL BROWN, KE(JERRY) CAI,
NICOLINO CAMPANELLI, DONALD KEITH CAMPBELL, COLLEEN CARDER,
KATHY CARRIERE, MELISSA CARSON, DAVID CLARK,
BRADLEY CLERMONT, LAURIE COELHO, ESTEE COSTA,
ANTONIO DA SILVA, BRENDA DARVILL, PATRICK DAVIDSON,
EUGENE DAVIS, LEAH DAWSON, MARC FONTAINE, JACQUELINE GENAILLE,
ELDON GOOSSEN, JOYCE GREENAWAY, LORI HAND, DARREN HAY,
KRISTA IMIOLA,CATHERINE KANUKA, DONNA KELLY, BENJAMIN LEHTO,
ANTHONY LEON, AKEMI MATSUMIYA, JANE DOE #33, JANE DOE #34,
JANE DOE #35, ANNE MARIE MCQUAID-SNIDER, LINO MULA,
PAMELA OPERSKO, GABRIEL PAQUET, CHRISTINE PAQUETTE,
CAROLIN JACQUELINE PARIS, JODIE PRICE, KEVIN PRICE,
GIUSEPPE QUADRINI, SAARAH QUAMINA, SHAWN ROSSITER,
ANTHONY RUSH, ANTHONY SHATZKO, CHARLES SILVA, RYAN SIMKO,
NORMAN SIROIS, BRANDON SMITH, CATHARINE SPIAK, SANDRA STROUD,
ANITA TALARIAN, DARYL TOONK, RYAN TOWERS, LEANNE VERBEEM,
ERAN VOOYS, ROBERT WAGNER, JASON WEATHERALL, MELANIE BURCH,
STEVEN COLE, TONI DOWNIE, JODI STAMMIS, (CANADA POST)
and
NICOLAS BELL, JOHN DOE #18, JOHN DOE #19, JANE DOE #36, JOHN DOE #20,
PAOLA DI MADDALENA, NATHAN DODDS, JOHN DOE #21, JANE DOE #37,
NUNZIO GIOLTI, MARIO GIRARD, JANE DOE #38, JANE DOE #39,
YOU-HUI KIM, JANE DOE #40, SEBASTIAN KORAK, ADA LAI, MIRIUM LO,
MELANIE MAILLOUX, CAROLYN MUIR, PATRIZIA PABA, RADU RAUTESCU,
ALDO REANO, JACQUELINE ELISABETH ROBINSON, JOHN DOE #22,
FREDERICK ROY, JOHN DOE #23, TAEKO SHIMAMURA, JASON SISK,
BEATA SOSIN, JOEL SZOSTAK, MARIO TCHEON, REBECCA SUE THIESSEN,
JANE DOE #41, MAUREEN YEARWOOD, (AIR CANADA)
and
JOHN DOE #24, JOSÉE DEMEULE, JACQUELINE GAMBLE,
DOMENIC GIANCOLA, SADNA KASSAN, MARCUS STEINER,
CHRISTINA TRUDEAU, (AIR CANADA JAZZ)
and
JOHN DOE #25, EMILIE DESPRES, (AIR INUIT)
and
REJEAN NANTEL, (BANK OF MONTREAL)
and
LANCE VICTOR SCHILKA, (BC COAST PILOTS LTD)
and
ELIZABETH GODLER, (BC FERRIES)
and
JOHN DOE #26, JANE DOE #42, TAMARA DAVIDSON, JANE DOE #43,
BRAD HOMEWOOD, CHAD HOMEWOOD, CHARLES MICHAEL JEFFERSON,
JOHN DOE #27, JANICE LARAINE KRISTMANSON, JANE DOE #44,
DARREN LOUIS LAGIMODIERE, JOHN DOE #28, JOHN DOE #29,
MIRKO MARAS, JOHN DOE #30, JOHN DOE #31, JOHN DOE #32, JOHN DOE #33,
JOHN DOE #34, JANE DOE #45, JOHN DOE #35, KENDAL STACE-SMITH,
JOHN DOE #36, STEVE WHEATLEY,
(BRITISH COLUMBIA MARITIME EMPLOYERS ASSOCIATION)
and
PAUL VEERMAN, (BROOKFIELD GLOBAL INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS)
and
MARK BARRON, TREVOR BAZILEWICH, JOHN DOE #37, BRIAN DEKKER,
JOHN GAETZ, ERNEST GEORGESON, KYLE KORTKO, RICHARD LETAIN,
JOHN DOE #38, DALE ROBERT ROSS, (CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAY)
and
TIM CASHMORE, ROB GEBERT, MICHEAL ROGER MAILHIOT,
(CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY)
and
KARIN LUTZ, (DP WORLD)
and
CRYSTAL SMEENK, (FARM CREDIT CANADA)
and
SYLVIE M.F. GELINAS, SUSIE MATIAS, STEW WILLIAMS,
(G4S AIRPORT SCREENING)
and
SHAWN CORMAN, (GEOTECH AVIATION)
and
JUERGEN BRUSCHKEWITZ, ANDRE DEVEAUX, BRYAN FIGUEIRA,
DAVID SPRATT, GUY HOCKING, SEAN GRANT,
(GREATER TORONTO AIRPORTS AUTHORITY)
and
DUSTIN BLAIR, (KELOWNA AIRPORT FIRE FIGHTER)
and
HANS-PETER LIECHTI, (NATIONAL ART CENTRE)
and
BRADLEY CURRUTHERS, LANA DOUGLAS, ERIC DUPUIS, SHERRI ELLIOT,
ROBEN IVENS, JANE DOE #46, LUKE VAN HOEKELEN, KURT WATSON,
(ONTARIO POWER GENERATION)
and
THERESA STENE, MICHAEL DESSUREAULT, ADAM PIDWERBESKI,
(PARKS CANADA)
and
JOHN DOE #39, (PACIFIC PILOTAGE AUTHORITY)
and
ANGELA GROSS, (PUROLATOR INC.)
and
GERHARD GEERTSEMA, (QUESTRAL HELICOPTERS)
and
AMANDA RANDALL, JANE DOE #47, FRANK VERI, (RBC ROYAL BANK)
and
JAMES (JED) FORSMAN, (RISE AIR)
and
JANE DOE #48, (ROGERS COMMUNICATIONS INC)
and
JERRILYNN REBEYKA, (SASKTEL)
and
EILEEN FAHLMAN, MARY TREICHEL, (SCOTIABANK)
and
JUDAH GAELAN CUMMINS, (SEASPAN VICTORIA DOCKS)
and
DARIN WATSON, (SHAW)
and
RICHARD MICHAEL ALAN TABAK, (SKYNORTH AIR LTD)
and
DEBORAH BOARDMAN, MICHAEL BRIGHAM, (VIA RAIL CANADA)
and
KEVIN SCOTT ROUTLY, (WASAYA AIRWAYS)
and
BRYCE SAILOR, (WATERFRONT EMPLOYERS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA)
and
JOSEPH BAYDA, JAMIE ELLIOTT, JOHN DOE #40, RANDALL MENGERING,
SAMANTHA NICASTRO, VERONICA STEPHENS, JANE DOE #49, (WESTJET)
and
MELVIN GEREIN, (WESTSHORE TERMINALS)
Appellants
and
HIS MAJESTY THE KING, PRIME MINISTER JUSTIN TRUDEAU, DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER AND MINISTER OF FINANCE CHRYSTIA FREELAND, CHIEF MEDICAL OFFICER TERESA TAM, MINISTER OF TRANSPORT OMAR ALGHABRA, DEPUTY MINISTER OF PUBLIC SAFETY MARCO MENDICINO, JOHNS AND JANES DOE
Respondents
REASONS FOR JUDGMENT
GLEASON J.A.
[1] The appellants appeal from the judgment of the Federal Court in Adelberg v. Canada, 2023 FC 252, 2023 A.C.W.S. 557 (per Fothergill J.).
[2] In that judgment, the Federal Court struck the claims of those plaintiffs that it found were subject to section 236 of the Federal Public Sector Labour Relations Act, S.C. 2003, c. 22, s. 2 [FPSLRA]. The Federal Court did not grant these plaintiffs leave to amend their claims. The plaintiffs whose claims were struck in their entirety without leave to amend were those who were members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (the RCMP) or who were employed in the other federal departments, agencies or other portions of the public service listed in Schedule “A” to the Federal Court’s Reasons. In the judgment under appeal, the Federal Court also struck the claims of all the other plaintiffs who were employed by other organizations, but for this group granted leave to amend their claims. The Federal Court awarded the defendants costs, fixed in the amount of $5,000.00, payable forthwith and in any event of the cause.
[3] For the reasons that follow, I would grant this appeal in part. I would set aside the judgment of the Federal Court and would amend it to provide all of the plaintiffs leave to amend the Statement of Claim in accordance with these reasons. Because success is divided, I would grant no costs in this appeal and would set aside the Federal Court’s costs award.
I. The Statement of Claim [4] I commence by reviewing the nature of the claims made in the plaintiffs’ Statement of Claim. While it is difficult to discern precisely what is being claimed given the way the Statement of Claim was drafted, it seems to me that, when fairly read in its entirety, the Statement of Claim advances two sorts of claims on behalf of all of the plaintiffs.
[5] First, the Statement of Claim alleges that the employer policies—which mandated that the plaintiffs must be vaccinated against COVID-19, failing which they would be placed on leave without pay or be subject to having their employment terminated—violated their rights under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.), 1982, c. 11 [Charter], or otherwise gave rise to several claims. The employer policies at issue in this case are the Policy on COVID-19 Vaccination for the Core Public Administration Including the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, issued by the Treasury Board (the TB Policy), and similar policies issued by other federally-regulated employers who employed some of the plaintiffs. Among other things, the Statement of Claim alleges that the respondents are liable for these other employers adopting policies similar to the TB Policy. The bulk of the Statement of Claim is directed towards these employment-related vaccination policies, which the plaintiffs allege caused them harm and damages because they chose to decline to be vaccinated against COVID-19.
[6] Second, the Statement of Claim alleges that the limitations imposed by the Interim Order Respecting Certain Requirements for Civil Aviation Due to COVID-19, No. 61, issued by Transport Canada on April 24, 2022 (the Interim Order), violated the Charter rights of all of the plaintiffs and gave rise to a host of other claims. Because the plaintiffs chose not to be vaccinated against COVID-19, they claim they were prevented from travelling by airplane by the Interim Order. The plaintiffs also challenge comparable measures that were applicable to train travel and travel by water for similar reasons.
[7] That the latter types of claims, regarding travel impediments, were advanced on behalf of all plaintiffs appears, in particular, from paragraphs 1(f), 12, 30, 67 and 69 of the Statement of Claim. They read as follows:
l. The Plaintiffs claim:
…
(f) a further declaration that Interim Order Respecting Certain Requirements for Civil Aviation Due to Covid-19, No.61, requiring covid “vaccination” and masking on planes, trains and boats is unconstitutional and of no force and effect in that:
(i) There is no jurisdiction under s.91 of the Constitution Act, 1867 to decree any medical treatment whatsoever as this lies, subject to constitutional restraint(s), within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Provinces;
(ii) That any purported or pretended power, under the emergency branch of P.O.G.G (Peace, Order and and Good Government) can only be done by Legislation, with the invocation, subject to constitutional constraints, of the Emergencies Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. 22 (4th Supp.));
(iii) That the Regulations and Executive decrees mandating such “vaccine mandates” are improper delegation, and constitute “dangling” Regulations, not tied to any Act of Parliament;
(iv) That in any event, any purported mandatory, or coerced de facto mandatory vaccine mandates violate ss. 2. 6, 7, and 15 of the Charter, as enunciated, inter alia, by the Ontario Court of Appeal in Fleming v. Reid (1991) 4 O.R. (3d) 74 and in the Supreme Court of Canada in Morgentaler (1988), Rodriguez (1993) and Rasouli (2013), and Carter (2005);
(v) That any purported mandatory, or coerced de facto mandatory vaccines violate ss.2 and ss 7 of the Charter, as enunciated, inter alia, by the Ontario Court of Charter Appeal in Fleming v. Reid, and the Supreme Court of Canada in inter alia, Morgentaler (1988), Rodriguez (1993, and Carter (2005) violate international treaty norms which constitute minimal protections to be read into s. 7 of the Charter as ruled, inter alia, by the Supreme Court of Canada in Hape, and the Federal Court of Appeal in De Guzman;
(vi) There is no jurisdiction under s.91 of the Constitution Act, 1867 to decree any medical treatment whatsoever as this lies, subject to constitutional restraint(s), within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Provinces;
(vii) The Pre-Charter constitutional rights to freedom of conscience and religion as pronounced by the Supreme Court of Canada in, inter alia, Switzman v Elbing and A.G. of Quebec, [1957] SCR 285 and Saumur v City of Quebec, 2 S.C.R. 299;
(viii) violates the rights, under s.2 of the Charter, as well as s.1 under the Canadian Bill of Rights (1960) to freedom of conscience, belief, and religion;
(ix) violates s.7 of the Charter in violating the right to bodily and psychological integrity, as manifested in the constitutionally protected right to informed, voluntary, consent to any medical treatment and procedure. as well as violating international treaty rights, protecting the same right(s) which protections must be read in as minimal protection under s. 7 of the Charter in accordance with, inter alia, Hape (SCC) and De Guzman (FCA);
(x) violating ss.6 and 7 of the Charter;
(xi) violating s.9 of the Charter;
(xii) violating the pre-Charter recognized rights on “the liberty of the subject” remedied by way of habeas corpus.
…
12. All of the Plaintiffs wish to exercise their ss. 6 and 7 of the Charter rights to travel within Canada, as well as abroad, which is barred to them by virtue of a non- possession of a “vaccine passport”.
…
30. All of the Plaintiffs wish to exercise their ss. 6 and 7 of the Charter rights to travel within Canada, as well as abroad, which is barred to them by virtue of a non- possession of a “vaccine passport”, notwithstanding that airlines and foreign countries of destination do not require nor do the airlines.
…
67. The Plaintiffs further state that “vaccine passports” further violate their explicit right(s) under s.6 and 7 of the Charter granting them mobility of travel, domestically and internationally, which violations are arbitrary (contrary to s. 7), irrational, and disproportionate, and thus fail any s. l fundamental justice, or s.1 Charter analysis, in that:
(a) The Defendants admit, in their public statements, and scientific data, and science confirms, that transmission of the virus as between the vaccinated-to-vaccinated and vaccinated-to-unvaccinated, and vice versa, is NOT prevented by the COVID-19 “vaccines” (inoculations);
(b) That there is NO rational connection between being unvaccinated and higher risks of transmission;
(c) That the punitive bar to travel and board plains, trains, and boats is simply an irrational, arbitrary, over-reaching punitive dispensation of Charter violations and part of the malicious “consequences” of simply NOT “vaccinating”.
…
69. The Plaintiffs state, and the fact is, that as a result of the “vaccine passports”, and the removal of their mobility rights, the Plaintiffs have suffered, and will continue to suffer damages, which include, but are not restricted to:
(a) An inability to travel to visit family, which family relationships, particularly between parent and child are constitutionally protected under s. 7 of the Charter as set out by the Supreme Court of Canada;
(b) That this restriction under Interim Order Respecting Certain Requirements for Civil Aviation Due to Covid-19, No.61, from visiting family creates mental anguish and distress when that travel to visit family includes members facing death, medical conditions, funerals, (particularly when attendance is religiously required), weddings, confirmations, bar mitzvahs, etc;
(c) An inability to vacation which is essential to recouping physical and psychological rest and integrity, which physical and psychological integrity is protected under s. 7 of the Charter;
(d) Travel to attend specialized medical treatment not available locally;
(e) Restrictions to obtaining domestic medical treatment in hospital for lack of a “vaccine passport”;
(f) Prohibitions against entering domestic hospitals:
(i) When a spouse is giving birth to their child;
(ii) When a loved-one is dying, under palliative care;
All of which violate physical and psychological integrity under s. 7 of the Charter, by denial of the explicit mobility rights protected by s.7 of the Charter (liberty and security of the person) as well as the mobility (travel) rights specifically protected under s. 6 of the Charter.
[Emphasis omitted].
II. The Evidence before the Federal Court [8] I turn next to briefly review the evidence that was before the Federal Court. The defendants filed an affidavit that attached the TB Policy, the Interim Order, and other orders issued pursuant to the Aeronautics Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. A-2, as well as a list of all of the interim orders related to COVID-19, issued by Transport Canada. The defendants’ evidence established that the provisions in the TB Policy, the Interim Order, and related orders issued by Transport Canada setting out vaccine requirements had been suspended by the time the defendants brought their motion to strike the plaintiffs’ claims.
[9] A review of the TB Policy shows that it was issued by the Treasury Board under sections 7 and 11.1 of the Financial Administration Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. F-11 [FAA], and applied to employees in the core public administration as set out in Schedules I and IV of the FAA. These include the RCMP, as well as the other federal departments, agencies, and other portions of the public service listed in Schedule “A” to the Federal Court’s Reasons. The TB policy required most employees to be vaccinated against COVID-19, failing which they were subject to being placed on administrative leave without pay. The vaccine requirements set out in the TB Policy were terms and conditions of employment for the employees to whom they pertained.
[10] While the foregoing policies were before the Federal Court, there was no evidence before that Court as to the nature of the grievance rights possessed by the plaintiffs. These rights could accordingly only be discerned through a review of the relevant statutory and regulatory provisions applicable to the plaintiffs and the case law interpreting such provisions.
III. The Reasons of the Federal Court [11] I turn next to outline the Federal Court’s Reasons. As noted, for those plaintiffs whose claims were dismissed without leave to amend, the Federal Court relied on section 236 of the FPSLRA. That section reads as follows:
Disputes relating to employment
Différend lié à l’emploi
236(1) The right of an employee to seek redress by way of grievance for any dispute relating to his or her terms or conditions of employment is in lieu of any right of action that the employee may have in relation to any act or omission giving rise to the dispute.
236(1) Le droit de recours du fonctionnaire par voie de grief relativement à tout différend lié à ses conditions d’emploi remplace ses droits d’action en justice relativement aux faits — actions ou omissions — à l’origine du différend.
Application
Application
(2) Subsection (1) applies whether or not t