G v L

Mr Frankie Shama (instructed by Oliver Fisher Solicitors) for the Applicant Mr Martin Ward (instructed by Giambrone & Partners LLP) for the Respondent Hearing dates: 16 December 2025 ____________________

ii) Immediately before D's retention the mother had rights of custody in respect of D and was exercising those rights of custody.

iii) Immediately before D's retention on 12 August 2025 he was habitually resident in the jurisdiction of Italy.

iv) In the circumstances, the retention of D by his father in the jurisdiction of England and Wales was wrongful for the purposes of Art 3 of the 1980 Hague Convention.

i) There is a grave risk that D's return to the jurisdiction of Italy would expose him to physical or psychological harm or otherwise place him in an intolerable situation pursuant to Art 13(b) of the 1980 Hague Convention.