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  " International protection " is defined as meaning status in the State either (a) as a refugee, on the basis of a refugee declaration, or (b) as a person eligible for subsidiary protection, on the basis of a subsidiary protection declaration.
  �A " person eligible for subsidiary protection " is defined as meaning a person (a) who is not a national of a Member State of the European Union, (b) who does not qualify as a refugee, (c) in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that he or she, if returned to his or her country of origin, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm and who is unable or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, and (d) who is not excluded under section 12 of the IPA 2015 from being eligible for subsidiary protection.
  Sections 2 and 7(1) of the 2015 Act inter alia define acts of persecution for the purposes of that Act as being (a) sufficiently serious by their nature or repetition to constitute a severe violation of basic human rights, in particular the rights from which derogation cannot be made under Article 15(2) of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, or (b) an accumulation of various measures, including violations of human rights, which is sufficiently severe as to affect an individual in a similar manner as mentioned in paragraph 7(1)(a).
  Section 7(3) of the 2015 Act provides that for the purpose of the definition of " refugee " in section 2 of the 2015 Act (referred to above), there must be a connection between the reasons for persecution and the acts of persecution or the absence of protection.
  The availability or absence of protection, i.e. , State protection, is an important factor in assessing whether or not a person is entitled to refugee status. Accordingly, if a Convention nexus has been established, the IPAT member is required to carry out a State protection analysis.�
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