What is the ratio in Marshall v Southampton AHA?

EU directives can have vertical direct effect against the state and state emanations but cannot have horizontal direct effect to impose obligations directly on private parties.

What did the court decide in Marshall v Southampton AHA?

The ECJ ruled that Helen Marshall could enforce the Equal Treatment Directive against the health authority as a state body, but confirmed directives cannot be enforced against private parties.

Why is Marshall v Southampton AHA important for employment law?

It established the crucial distinction between public and private sector EU employment rights enforcement, defining the scope of directive direct effect in workplace discrimination cases.

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