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Pursuant to rule 14 of the Tribunal Procedure (Upper Tribunal) Rules 2008, the Appellants are granted anonymity. No-one shall publish or reveal any information, including the name or address of the Appellants, likely to lead members of the public to identify the Appellants. Failure to comply with this order could amount to a contempt of court .
             The Appellants, an elderly father, mother and their adult daughter, are all nationals of Afghanistan.
             Whilst their sons/brothers have sought sanctuary abroad the Appellants remained living in Afghanistan. However in August 2021 the Taliban returned to power, and the Appellants, like many others with family connections to the 'West', fled into Pakistan where they made applications for entry clearance to join S in the United Kingdom.
             The linked appeals against the ECO's decisions came before the First-tier Tribunal (Judge Mace) on the 23 rd March 2022. The ground of appeal in each case was that maintenance of the refusals would amount to a disproportionate interference with the Appellants' Article 8 rights.
             The First-tier Tribunal dismissed the appeals. It recognised "the well-known position that Afghanistan is experiencing a humanitarian crisis" [FTT §15] and that the situation in Afghanistan was "desperate" [§17]. It then went on:
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