Extradition to death row can violate Article 3 due to prolonged psychological suffering.

Life prisoners entitled to reasons for tariff decisions under natural justice principles.

Necessity cannot justify murder even in desperate survival situations

Excessive self-defence cannot reduce murder to manslaughter in English law

A foetus is not a person in being; murder requires the victim to be born and have independent existence.

Court may grant declaratory relief concerning prerogative of mercy despite no power to compel pardon

Defendant liable for death caused by police response to his criminal actions

Medical negligence rarely breaks chain of causation in homicide cases

A person intends the natural and probable consequences of their acts.

Gross negligence manslaughter requires negligence so gross it amounts to crime

Criminal liability established for murder by omission where duty to act exists

Unlawful act manslaughter requires no foresight of harm by defendant

Court of Appeal establishes 'virtual certainty' test for criminal intention

Intention to cause grievous bodily harm sufficient for murder conviction

Court of Appeal establishes definitive two-stage test for duress defence

Defendant's failed poisoning attempt breaks causation chain despite victim's death

No human right to assisted suicide under European Convention

House of Lords establishes 'virtual certainty' test for oblique intention in murder

Injecting heroin is unlawful dangerous act sufficient for manslaughter conviction

House of Lords rules duress cannot excuse murder or attempted murder

Railway gatekeeper convicted for manslaughter by omission after failing duty

Discretionary trusts valid if clear cases identifiable despite uncertain borderline cases.

House of Lords sets definitive test for gross negligence manslaughter

House of Lords establishes golden thread: prosecution must prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt