CILEX Criminal Law - Paper 1

The two elements that must be proved for most criminal offences are: A) Motive and opportunity B) Actus reus and mens rea C) Causation and foresight D) Intent and recklessness

Under the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 s47, assault occasioning actual bodily harm requires proof that the defendant: A) Intended to cause grievous bodily harm B) Committed an assault or battery which caused actual bodily harm C) Used a weapon to cause injury D) Planned the attack in advance

The mens rea for theft under the Theft Act 1968 is: A) Intention to permanently deprive and knowledge that the property belongs to another B) Dishonesty and intention to permanently deprive C) Recklessness as to whether the owner would consent D) Negligence in handling another's property

Which of the following is NOT a defence to a criminal charge? A) Self-defence B) Duress C) Intoxication for basic intent crimes D) Insanity

Explain the concept of causation in criminal law. Discuss the tests for factual and legal causation, and explain the circumstances in which the chain of causation may be broken by an intervening act. Support your answer with relevant authorities.

Distinguish between the offences under sections 18 and 20 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861. Explain the actus reus and mens rea of each offence, and discuss why the distinction between them is significant in terms of sentencing.

Explain the offence of burglary under sections 9(1)(a) and 9(1)(b) of the Theft Act 1968. Discuss the meaning of 'entry', 'building', and 'trespasser' in this context, and explain the difference between the two subsections.

Discuss the defence of self-defence in criminal law. Explain the requirements for the defence to succeed, including the duty to retreat, the use of reasonable force, and the impact of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 s76. How does the law treat householders who use force against intruders?