House of Lords case establishing that defendants can be convicted of unlawful act manslaughter without foreseeing that their act might cause harm, provided the act was intentional, unlawful and dangerous.

A foundational case establishing the test for gross negligence manslaughter, requiring negligence so gross that it amounts to a crime and merits criminal punishment rather than mere civil liability.

An important case on unlawful act manslaughter where the Court of Appeal quashed a conviction because the defendant's act was not unlawful when he lacked mens rea for assault.

R v Adomako established the modern test for gross negligence manslaughter in English law. The House of Lords ruled that a defendant can be convicted if their conduct was so far below the standard expected of a reasonable person that it constituted a crime deserving punishment.

R v Church established the objective test for involuntary manslaughter, requiring that the defendant's unlawful act must be dangerous in that all sober and reasonable people would recognise it as subjecting the victim to some harm. This case remains the leading authority on unlawful act manslaughter in England and Wales.

An important Court of Appeal case establishing that for unlawful act manslaughter, the dangerousness test is purely objective and defendants are not liable for unforeseeable consequences of their victim's hidden vulnerabilities.

A landmark case establishing that for unlawful act manslaughter, the defendant must have known or ought to have known that the victim was vulnerable when that vulnerability contributes to death.

R v Cheshire established that medical negligence does not break the chain of causation between a defendant's unlawful act and death unless the medical treatment is so independent of the original act and potent in causing death that it renders the contribution of the acts insignificant. This case clarified the test for novus actus interveniens in criminal law.

This case established that a duty of care in criminal law can arise from voluntary assumption of responsibility for a vulnerable person. Stone and Dobinson were convicted of manslaughter after Stone's sister died from malnutrition while living in their care, despite their failure to seek adequate medical help.

Intention to cause grievous bodily harm sufficient for murder conviction

A significant case on unlawful act manslaughter involving drug injection. The Court of Appeal held that injecting heroin constituted an unlawful and dangerous act sufficient for manslaughter when the victim died.

Railway gatekeeper convicted for manslaughter by omission after failing duty

A leading case on transferred malice where the defendant's intention to harm one person resulted in harm to another. The Court of Appeal confirmed that malice can transfer from the intended victim to the actual victim.

A pharmacist supplied controlled drugs on forged prescriptions without knowledge of the forgery. The House of Lords held that supplying prescription-only medicines without a genuine prescription was a strict liability offence under s.58(2) of the Medicines Act 1968, requiring no proof of knowledge or intent.

Section 20 GBH requires foresight of some harm only, not serious harm specifically.

Foresight of highly probable serious harm can constitute mens rea for murder.

Voluntary intoxication no defence to manslaughter despite LSD-induced hallucinations

House of Lords clarifies test for intention in murder cases

Cunningham establishes subjective test for malice in criminal law

Criminal liability established for murder by omission where duty to act exists

Actus reus can be satisfied by omission where legal duty to act exists

Involuntary intoxication no defence if criminal intent still formed

Recklessness includes failing to consider obvious risks that would be apparent to reasonable person.

Voluntary intoxication no defence to crimes of basic intent

House of Lords clarifies intent requirements for assault causing bodily harm

House of Lords establishes liability for omission after creating dangerous situation

Court of Appeal establishes 'virtual certainty' test for criminal intention

House of Lords establishes 'virtual certainty' test for oblique intention in murder

Reckless criminal damage requires risk to property beyond the damaging instrument itself.