What is the ratio in Costa v ENEL?

The ratio is that EU law has supremacy over conflicting national law, and member states cannot unilaterally override EU obligations through domestic legislation, even if enacted after EU membership.

What did the court decide in Costa v ENEL?

The ECJ decided that EU law takes precedence over the Italian nationalization legislation, establishing that member states cannot nullify EU law through conflicting domestic measures.

Why is Costa v ENEL important for EU law?

It established the fundamental principle of EU law supremacy, ensuring uniform application across member states and creating the constitutional foundation of the EU legal order alongside direct effect.

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