What is the ratio in Universe Tankships v ITWF?

Economic duress exists where there is illegitimate pressure that leaves the victim with no practical alternative but to submit, and this pressure was a significant cause of entering the transaction.

What did the court decide in Universe Tankships v ITWF?

The House of Lords recognized economic duress as part of English law and allowed the ship owners to recover money paid under illegitimate industrial pressure.

Why is Universe Tankships v ITWF important for contract law?

It established the modern doctrine of economic duress, extending duress beyond threats to person or goods to cover illegitimate commercial and industrial pressure.

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