What is the ratio in Van Gend en Loos?

The ratio is that EU Treaty provisions can create direct individual rights enforceable in national courts if they are sufficiently clear, unconditional, and require no further implementation measures.

What did the court decide in Van Gend en Loos?

The ECJ decided that Article 30 EEC Treaty created direct individual rights that Van Gend en Loos could enforce in Dutch courts against the customs duties.

Why is Van Gend en Loos important for EU law?

It established the fundamental doctrine of direct effect, transforming EU law from international law into a federal-type system where individuals can directly enforce EU rights in national courts.

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