Criminal Law (Mods)

The foundational requirements of criminal conduct, result causation, and liability for omissions.

Defining the mental element: direct and oblique intention, Cunningham recklessness, and foresight of consequences.

Murder's mens rea and the partial defences that reduce liability to manslaughter

The two routes to involuntary manslaughter: unlawful act and gross negligence.

The graduated hierarchy of assault, battery, and wounding offences under the 1861 and 1997 Acts.

The five elements of theft under the Theft Act 1968 and the aggravated offence of robbery.

Self-defence under section 76 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008, duress, and the limited defence of necessity.

Mods introduction to attempts, conspiracy, encouragement, and accessorial liability — covering the same ground as the FHS modules but at introductory level.