Secondary parties liable if principal's acts were foreseeable consequences of joint venture

House of Lords allows courts to consult Hansard for statutory interpretation

House of Lords confirms EU law supremacy over UK Acts of Parliament

English law has no general tort of invasion of privacy.

EU law supremacy requires domestic courts to disapply conflicting national legislation.

House of Lords clarifies restitution law for ultra vires local authority contracts

Commercial agreements presumed to create legal relations despite 'ex gratia' descriptions.

Certain statutes have constitutional status and cannot be impliedly repealed.

House of Lords requires foreseeability for nuisance and Rylands v Fletcher liability

Statutory schemes override prerogative powers in the same field.

Established the four heads of charity: religion, education, relief of poverty, other purposes beneficial to community.

Courts cannot invalidate Acts of Parliament regardless of international law breaches.

House of Lords creates broad two-stage test for duty of care

The Crown cannot create crimes or change law by proclamation without parliamentary consent.

Court establishes objective test for contractual agreement over subjective intentions

Public authorities may owe duties of care when exercising statutory functions.

Terms may be implied by law based on the nature of contractual relationships.

Local authorities can owe duty of care for child welfare decisions

Employers liable for employees' torts despite express prohibitions if within employment scope.

Court of Appeal establishes four essential characteristics test for easements

Defendants can challenge bye-law validity as defence in criminal proceedings.

House of Lords abolishes marital rape exemption in historic ruling

Threats of criminal prosecution constitute duress rendering contracts voidable

National courts must interpret national law consistently with EU directives wherever possible.

Contractual interpretation focuses on what reasonable person would understand, not linguistic technicalities

Concurrent liability in contract and tort possible; Hedley Byrne extends to services.