An Italian lawyer challenged the nationalisation of the electricity industry, arguing Italian law conflicted with the EEC Treaty. The ECJ held that EU law creates a separate legal order that takes precedence over national law. Member States have limited their sovereign rights by creating a body of law binding on both nationals and themselves.

House of Lords clarifies when appeals courts can overturn family judges' discretionary decisions

King cannot create or change law by proclamation without Parliament

Statutory schemes override prerogative powers in the same field.

House of Lords rules prerogative powers subject to judicial review

House of Lords allows courts to consult Hansard for statutory interpretation

The Crown cannot create crimes or change law by proclamation without parliamentary consent.

Judges must be independent and appear independent; undisclosed interests invalidate judicial decisions.

Crown and ministers can be held in contempt of court

Justice must not only be done, but must manifestly be seen to be done.

Judges cannot decide cases where they have any financial interest whatsoever.

EU law supremacy requires domestic courts to disapply conflicting national legislation.

Supreme Court guarantees prisoners' right to fair parole hearings

House of Lords confirms EU law supremacy over UK Acts of Parliament

Court may grant declaratory relief concerning prerogative of mercy despite no power to compel pardon

No one should be condemned unheard - natural justice requires fair hearing.

Courts can review admin decisions despite ouster clauses if jurisdictional error found

Private bodies exercising public functions can face judicial review