Criminal Law

Revisiting the external element: causation principles and liability for failure to act.

Intention, recklessness, negligence, and the hierarchy of fault in English criminal law

The fault element for murder: malice aforethought, intention to kill, and oblique intent.

The two partial defences that reduce murder to voluntary manslaughter under the Coroners and Justice Act 2009.

Two distinct routes to involuntary killing: the unlawful act doctrine and gross negligence manslaughter.

A systematic examination of assault, battery, and wounding under the Offences Against the Person Act 1861.

Consent, capacity, and the architecture of the Sexual Offences Act 2003

A rigorous analysis of appropriation, dishonesty, intention permanently to deprive, and the force element of robbery under the Theft Acts 1968 and 1978

A systematic analysis of false representation, failure to disclose, and abuse of position under the Fraud Act 2006, with critical assessment of dishonesty, gain and loss, and the mental element

Burglary's trespassory entry, ulterior mens rea, and the statutory regime of criminal damage.

Self-defence, duress, necessity and the boundaries of exculpation in English criminal law

The Majewski rule on voluntary intoxication, the specific/basic intent distinction, involuntary intoxication, and the law of mistake.

Week 13: Insanity and automatism — FHS Year 2 Criminal Law

Criminal Attempts Act 1981, conspiracy under Criminal Law Act 1977, and encouragement/assistance under Serious Crime Act 2007.

Accessorial liability after Jogee — aiding, abetting, counselling, procuring, and the post-2016 doctrine on conditional intent.

The identification doctrine, corporate manslaughter, and the failure-to-prevent offences in the Bribery Act 2010 and the Criminal Finances Act 2017.